Abstract: Countermeasures against the adverse effects of microgravity should be designed in such a way as to prevent the development of overexertion and pathological conditions. Changes in immune parameters serve as one of the sensitive indicators of the adequacy of physical activity and the state of the body's adaptive capacity. The effectiveness and physiological adequacy of individualized training programs based on reaction of the cardiovascular and immune systems was assessed in a 366-day ground-based spaceflight analog study. Alternating 30- and 15-min aerobic exercise sessions individually tailored to each participant’s response to exercise was associated with maintenance of cardiorespiratory performance and, overall, was not accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the studied cellular immunity parameters relative to baseline during the year-long isolation. A significant increase in the number of NK cells on days 67 and 160 of the experiment, compared to baseline values, was observed following training periods that involved 30‑minute protocols. Following the final training cycle, absolute peripheral blood levels of selected lymphocyte subpopulations were significantly increased, including CD3+ T cells, the CD3+CD4+ T-cell subset, and CD3−CD16+CD56+ NK cells.

Cite: Kokueva M.A. , Ponomarev S.A. , Rykova M.P. , Shmarov V.A. , Orlova K.D. , Bakhtereva V.D. , Kutko O.V. , Fomina E.V.
Physical Training as a Component of Immune Status Maintenance during Long-Term Analog Mission
Microgravity Science and Technology. 2026. V.38. N4. 52 :1-14. DOI: 10.1007/s12217-026-10274-z OpenAlex

Dates:

Submitted:	May 26, 2026
Accepted:	Aug 8, 2026
Published online:	Aug 15, 2026

Identifiers:

OpenAlex:

W7203534255

Citing: Пока нет цитирований

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