Реферат: The modern strategy for medical support in spaceflight (SF) is based on a comprehensive management of medical risks not only before and during SF, but also for the critical phase of transitioning to gravitational loads post-flight. Prolonged exposure to microgravity triggers a deep adaptive remodeling of key physiological systems—sensorimotor, muscular, and cardiovascular—which becomes maladaptive upon returning to a gravitational environment, significantly limiting locomotor activity and the crew's ability to perform critical operational tasks. This factor is of particular importance in the context of planning long-duration exploration missions, where performance deficits during the first hours of readaptation and the associated medical threats directly determine mission success and crew safety. Despite an extensive amount of data on the state of the organism during and after flight, until recently, there was a lack of systematic research into the acute readaptation period and recovery dynamics following spaceflight. Indeed, in accordance with the official NASA Human Research Program bill (HRP), medical risks associated with changes in sensorimotor integration, hemodynamic responses, and the state of the musculoskeletal system remain highly relevant for ensuring the safety of deep space flights. To address this fundamental challenge, the international "Field Test" experiment was initiated in September 2013, involving 30 ISS crew members from both Roscosmos and NASA space agencies. This study is based on the application of a battery of rapid tests conducted directly at the landing site as soon as possible after returning to Earth. The implementation of this project has provided, for the first time, verified data on the recovery dynamics of physiological functions in the key of medical risks management within the interval from the first hour to several days after landing. It has been established that the recovery of postural control and motor coordination is the most protracted process, requiring quantitative assessment and a clear definition of recovery time windows to plan operational activities on other planetary surfaces. Furthermore, phenomena such as orthostatic intolerance and symptoms of motion sickness require special attention when organizing medical support efforts. Thus, this experiment marks a fundamental transition in space medicine toward an evidence-based analysis of risks during the acute adaptation period, providing the necessary scientific foundation for optimizing medical support and ensuring a high level of autonomy and safety for piloted deep-space missions. The study is supported by the Program of fundamental research of IBMP RAS (FMFR-2024-0033).

Библиографическая ссылка: Rukavishnikov I. , Kitov V. , Kofman I. , Reschke M. , Polyakov A. , Fomina E. , Tomilovskaya E. , Orlov O.
Evaluation of medical risks at the landing site: the Field Test experiment approach
24th IAA Humans in Space Symposium, Montecatini, Italy, 20-24 April 2026 20-24 Apr 2026